---
description: "ADUO in F1 explained: the FIA ICE Performance Index, the eligibility tiers, the Cost Cap allowances, and why Red Bull leads the 2026 opening evaluation."
title: "ADUO in F1 explained: how the 2026 engine catch-up rule works"
image: https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/M208395-1200x675.jpg
---
[Skip to main content](#content)
[](https://www.f1-fansite.com/)
[](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-on-apple-tv/)
[](https://www.f1-fansite.com/)
[Sign in](https://www.f1-fansite.com/login/)
- [Home](https://www.f1-fansite.com/)
- [F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/)
- [F1 2026](https://www.f1-fansite.com/2026-formula-1-season/)
- [F1 2027](https://www.f1-fansite.com/2027-formula-1-season/)
- [All Time](https://www.f1-fansite.com/all-time-f1-archive/)
- [F1 Stats](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-statistics/)
- [Photos](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-wallpapers/)
- [F1 Fans](https://www.f1-fansite.com/fans/)
- [F1 Quiz](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-quizzes/)
- [F1 Tickets](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-tickets/)
- [F1 Merchandise](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-merchandise/)
- Add to home screen
[Sign in](https://www.f1-fansite.com/login/)
[Next session MY Bahrain Grand Prix · FP100d 00h 00m 00s](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/bahrain-grand-prix/)
[Next session MY Bahrain Grand Prix · FP100d 00h 00m 00s](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/bahrain-grand-prix/)
# ADUO system in F1 explained
[](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/M208395.jpg)
[ADUO](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/aduo-system/) is measured on the FIA's ICE Performance Index, calculated from torque, engine speed and MGU-K output across representative laps.
**ADUO is the [FIA](https://www.fia.com/) safety valve built into the 2026 power-unit regulations.** It gives manufacturers that fall behind on straight-line pace a structured route to catch up during a season, without the political flare-ups that used to come with mid-cycle engine rule changes. The system defines exactly how much a trailing supplier can spend on upgrades, how often, and how far off the front they need to be to qualify. It is designed to prevent 2014-style dominance, when Mercedes' hybrid advantage carried through years of the previous rules cycle.
## What does ADUO stand for?
ADUO is the FIA abbreviation for **Additional Development and Upgrade Opportunities**. It is not a technology on the car, but a regulatory mechanism that sits alongside the 2026 Formula 1 Technical Regulations, the Sporting Regulations and the Financial Regulations. It applies to every homologated power-unit manufacturer supplying Formula 1 from 2026 onward.
## How the ADUO system works
### The ICE Performance Index
Across defined windows in each season from 2026 to 2030, the FIA calculates an **ICE Performance Index** for every power-unit supplier. The index is built from measured data across representative racing laps, weighted for how much each factor affects lap time. The main inputs are:
- input shaft torque delivered by the internal combustion engine;
- engine speed across the operating range;
- MGU-K power output;
- a lap-time sensitivity weighting applied to each variable.
The output is a single number per manufacturer, expressed as a percentage of the leading power unit. The FIA reviews the index at each ADUO evaluation window and issues a formal verdict on which suppliers qualify for support.
### Tiers of eligibility
Support scales with the size of the gap:
- **Two to four per cent behind:** one upgrade opportunity in the current season and one in the following season.
- **Four per cent or more behind:** two upgrade opportunities in 2026 and two more in 2027.
Manufacturers within two per cent of the leader are considered competitive and receive no ADUO allowance, on the grounds that closing that gap is a normal engineering task.
## The financial dimension of ADUO
Each qualifying manufacturer receives a Cost Cap allowance for the ADUO period, scaled to the size of their deficit. The FIA-published tiers are:
- two to four per cent behind: up to **USD 3.0 million**;
- four to six per cent behind: up to **USD 4.65 million**;
- six to eight per cent behind: up to **USD 6.35 million**;
- eight to ten per cent behind: up to **USD 8.0 million**;
- ten per cent or more behind: up to **USD 11.0 million** per ADUO period, plus a one-off option in 2026 to bring forward up to **USD 8.0 million** of future Cost Cap headroom.
The allowances sit outside the normal Cost Cap and can only be spent on the specific upgrade work approved during the ADUO window. Any manufacturer that takes an ADUO allowance and spends it elsewhere faces a Financial Regulations breach.
## What the 2026 opening verdict revealed
### Red Bull as the surprise leader
The first ADUO review of 2026 delivered the largest news of the season's early weeks. [Red Bull](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/red-bull-racing/) Powertrains, running its first fully in-house V6 in partnership with Ford, was placed at the top of the ICE Performance Index. Red Bull immediately asked the FIA to review the calculation, arguing that the working conditions of the sample laps flattered its numbers.
### Mercedes, Ferrari and Honda catch-up
All other manufacturers on the 2026 grid, [Mercedes](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/mercedes/), Ferrari and Honda, fell into an ADUO qualifying tier, meaning each will be entitled to run at least one in-season upgrade opportunity and a matching financial allowance. Independent analysts have described the picture as the most compressed engine competition F1 has staged in a generation, with the extra headroom now doing the work that mid-cycle rule tweaks used to.
## Why ADUO exists
ADUO exists because F1 wanted to open a new power-unit era without repeating the 2014 experience, when Mercedes' early lead effectively decided championships for three seasons before the field converged. By formalising catch-up windows and the money that comes with them, the FIA gives struggling suppliers a defined path back to the front while preserving the incentive to lead: every manufacturer wants to be the one setting the index, not chasing it. It also removes the ad-hoc pressure on the FIA to introduce or roll back power-unit rules mid-season, a habit that had become politically toxic.
## Latest ADUO news
- [4 JulVasseur hits back at Wolff's Ferrari 'cheating' dig
1](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/vasseur-hits-back-at-wolffs-ferrari-cheating-dig/)
- [4 JulFIA to explain Red Bull's ADUO snub at Silverstone
](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/fia-to-explain-red-bulls-aduo-snub-at-silverstone/)
- [3 JulHonda targets Zandvoort for its big engine upgrade
](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/honda-targets-zandvoort-for-its-big-engine-upgrade/)
- [1 JulRed Bull still battling FIA over ADUO engine ruling
](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/red-bull-still-battling-fia-over-aduo-engine-ruling/)
- [30 JunBinotto suggests Mercedes gamed F1's ADUO engine concessions
3](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/binotto-suggests-mercedes-gamed-f1s-aduo-engine-concessions/)
-
- [29 JunWolff questions how Ferrari is affording its upgrade blitz
](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/wolff-questions-how-ferrari-is-affording-its-upgrade-blitz/)
- [27 JunFerrari customer teams hold back on ADUO debut over parts
](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/ferrari-customer-teams-hold-back-on-aduo-debut-over-parts-risk/)
- [25 JunAudi secretly ran ADUO engine upgrade in Barcelona
1](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/audi-secretly-ran-aduo-engine-upgrade-in-barcelona/)
- [24 Jun2026 Austrian Grand Prix: Mercedes' Return or Ferrari's Momentum?
3](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/2026-austrian-grand-prix-mercedes-return-or-ferraris-momentum/)
- [23 JunRed Bull bets on Austria upgrade to reverse 2026 slide
](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/red-bull-bets-on-austria-upgrade-to-reverse-2026-slide/)
-
## Frequently asked questions about ADUO
### What is the ADUO system in Formula 1?
ADUO stands for Additional Development and Upgrade Opportunities. It is a mechanism in the 2026 Formula 1 regulations that allows power-unit manufacturers who fall behind on straight-line performance to make targeted mid-season upgrades and receive a matching Cost Cap allowance.
### How does the FIA decide who qualifies for ADUO?
The FIA calculates an ICE Performance Index for every power-unit supplier at defined windows during the season. The index is built from input shaft torque, engine speed, MGU-K power and a lap-time sensitivity weighting. Any manufacturer more than two per cent behind the leader qualifies for a tier of ADUO support.
### How much money can a manufacturer receive under ADUO?
The financial allowance scales with the deficit. It starts at USD 3 million for manufacturers two to four per cent behind and rises to USD 11 million per period for those ten per cent or more behind, with an additional Cost Cap advance available in 2026 only.
### How many ADUO upgrade opportunities can a manufacturer use per season?
Manufacturers between two and four per cent behind receive one upgrade opportunity in the current season and one the following season. Those four per cent or more behind receive two upgrades in 2026 and two in 2027.
### Which manufacturer led the first 2026 ADUO evaluation?
Red Bull Powertrains, running its first Ford-partnered V6, was ranked first on the ICE Performance Index at the opening ADUO evaluation of the 2026 season. Red Bull requested an FIA review of the assessment.
### How does ADUO differ from previous engine upgrade tokens?
Earlier engine token systems limited how many specific components a manufacturer could develop across a season. ADUO instead ties additional development directly to measured performance deficits, and pairs each upgrade window with a fixed Cost Cap allowance. It is a system of managed catch-up rather than fixed development quotas.
Last updated: 4 Jul 2026, 23:13
### Join our FREE weekly F1 Newsletter
Enter your email address & confirm your subscription
You've already signed up, Thanks!
Check your inbox now to confirm your subscription.
### F1 News Categories
- F1 Drivers
- [Alexander Albon News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/alexander-albon-news/)
- [Arvid Lindblad News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/arvid-lindblad-news/)
- [Carlos Sainz News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/carlos-sainz-news/)
- [Charles Leclerc News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/charles-leclerc-news/)
- [Esteban Ocon News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/esteban-ocon-news/)
- [Fernando Alonso News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/fernando-alonso-news/)
- [Franco Colapinto News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/franco-colapinto-news/)
- [Gabriel Bortoleto News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/gabriel-bortoleto-news/)
- [George Russell News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/george-russell-news/)
- [Isack Hadjar News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/isack-hadjar-news/)
- [Kimi Antonelli News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/kimi-antonelli-news/)
- [Lance Stroll News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/lance-stroll-news/)
- [Lando Norris News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/lando-norris-news/)
- [Lewis Hamilton News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/lewis-hamilton-news/)
- [Liam Lawson News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/liam-lawson-news/)
- [Max Verstappen News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/max-verstappen-news/)
- [Nico Hulkenberg News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/nico-hulkenberg-news/)
- [Oliver Bearman News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/oliver-bearman-news/)
- [Oscar Piastri News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/oscar-piastri-news/)
- [Pierre Gasly News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/pierre-gasly-news/)
- [Sergio Perez News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/sergio-perez-news/)
- [Valtteri Bottas News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/valtteri-bottas-news/)
- Paddock
- [Alan Permane News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/alan-permane/)
- [Adrian Newey News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/adrian-newey/)
- [Andrea Stella News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/andrea-stella-news/)
- [Ayao Komatsu News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/ayao-komatsu-news/)
- [Bernie Ecclestone News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/ecclestone-news/)
- [Flavio Briatore News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/flavio-briatore/)
- [Frederic Vasseur News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/frederic-vasseur-news/)
- [Graeme Lowdon News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/graeme-lowdon-news/)
- [Günther Steiner News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/gunther-steiner-news/)
- [Helmut Marko News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/helmut-marko-news/)
- [James Vowles News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/james-vowles-news/)
- [Laurent Mekies News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/laurent-mekies-news/)
- [Lawrence Stroll News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/lawrence-stroll-news/)
- [Mattia Binotto News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/mattia-binotto-news/)
- [Pirelli F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/pirelli-f1-news/)
- [Toto Wolff News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/toto-wolff/)
- [Zak Brown News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/zak-brown-news/)
- Topic
- [F1 Crash](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-crash/)
- [F1 Death](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-death/)
- [F1 Penalty](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-penalty/)
- [F1 Development](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-development/)
- [F1 Engine](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-engine/)
- [F1 Fun](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-fun/)
- [F1 Future](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-future/)
- [F1 Gossip](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-gossip/)
- [F1 History](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-history/)
- [F1 injury](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-injury/)
- [F1 Lawsuit](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-lawsuit/)
- [F1 Money](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-money/)
- [F1 Regulations](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-regulations/)
- [F1 Rumours](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-rumours/)
- [F1 Silly Season](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/silly-season/)
- [F1 Sponsor](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-sponsor/)
- [F1 Technical](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-technical/)
- [F1 Testing](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/f1-testing/)
- [FIA News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/fia/)
- F1 Teams
- [Alpine F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/alpine-f1-team-news/ "Alpine F1 Team Updates")
- [Aston Martin F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/aston-martin-f1-news/ "Aston Martin F1 Team Updates")
- [Audi F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/audi-f1-news/)
- [Cadillac F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/cadillac-f1-news/)
- [Ferrari F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/ferrari-f1-news/ "Scuderia Ferrari Updates")
- [Haas F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/haas-f1-news/ "Haas F1 Team Updates")
- [McLaren News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/mclaren-news/ "Mclaren F1 Team Updates")
- [Mercedes F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/mercedes-f1-news/ "Mercedes F1 Team Updates")
- [Red Bull Racing News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/red-bull-racing-news/ "Red Bull Racing F1 Team Updates")
- [Racing Bulls News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/visa-cash-app-racing-bulls-news/)
- [Williams News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/williams-news/ "Williams F1 Team Updates")
- Ex-F1 Drivers
- [Antonio Giovinazzi News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/antonio-giovinazzi-news/)
- [Daniel Ricciardo News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/daniel-ricciardo-news/)
- [Jack Doohan News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/jack-doohan-news/)
- [Kevin Magnussen News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/kevin-magnussen-news/)
- [Kimi Raikkonen News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/kimi-raikkonen-news/)
- [Logan Sargeant News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/logan-sargeant-news/)
- [Marcus Ericsson News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/marcus-ericsson-news/)
- [Michael Schumacher News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/michael-schumacher-news/)
- [Mick Schumacher News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/mick-schumacher-news/)
- [Nico Rosberg News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/nico-rosberg-news/)
- [Romain Grosjean News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/romain-grosjean-news/)
- [Sebastian Vettel News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/sebastian-vettel-news/)
- [Yuki Tsunoda News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/tag/yuki-tsunoda-news/)
### This Weeks Top 3 Trending F1 Topics
- [McLaren brings its reworked H-wing back for Baku1 comment | posted 6 days ago](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/mclaren-brings-its-reworked-h-wing-back-for-baku/)
- [Wolff admits he cannot explain Russell's fade behi...1 comment | posted 6 days ago](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/wolff-admits-he-cannot-explain-russells-fade-behind-antonelli/)
- [Previewing the 2026 Azerbaijan GP: Can Norris or V...2 comments | posted 5 days ago](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/previewing-the-2026-azerbaijan-gp-can-norris-or-verstappen-beat-antonelli-and-mercedes/)
### Get Your Tickets For Next Events
-  2026 Singapore F1 GP2026 Singapore F1 Grand Prix9–11 Oct SingaporeSingapore Circuit In 14 days [Tickets from €154 →](https://www.f1-fansite.com/buy/?gp=Singapore)
-  2026 Mexico F1 GP2026 Mexico F1 Grand Prix23–25 Oct Autodromo H. RodriguezAutodromo H. Rodriguez In 28 days [Tickets from €483 →](https://www.f1-fansite.com/buy/?gp=Mexico)
-  2026 USA F1 GP2026 USA F1 Grand Prix23–25 Oct AustinCircuit of The Americas In 28 days [Tickets from €77 →](https://www.f1-fansite.com/buy/?gp=USA)
[All F1 Tickets →](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-tickets/)
### LAST 3 F1 Fan COMMENTS
-  [Jere Jyrälä](https://www.f1-fansite.com/fan/jere-jyrala/) on [2026 Azerbaijan Formula 1 Grand Prix Results & Report](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-result/2026-azerbaijan-formula-1-grand-prix-results-report/#comment-432274)15 hours ago
-  [Jere Jyrälä](https://www.f1-fansite.com/fan/jere-jyrala/) on [Binotto finally ends rumours over Audi 2027 driver line-up](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/binotto-finally-ends-rumours-over-audi-2027-driver-line-up/#comment-432273)16 hours ago
-  [Shroppyfly](https://www.f1-fansite.com/fan/shroppyfly/) on [Horner leaves the door open for a Ferrari role](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/horner-leaves-the-door-open-for-a-ferrari-role/#comment-432272)23 hours ago
[All F1 Fan Comments](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-comments-on-f1-fansite-com/)
### Latest F1 Quiz
[Before Baku: The Azerbaijan GP History Quiz10 questionsFans average 50%](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-quizzes/before-baku-the-azerbaijan-gp-history-quiz/)
[All F1 quizzes](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-quizzes/)
### F1 Glossary Menu
- [Active Suspension](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/active-suspension/)
- [ADUO](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/aduo-system/)
- [Aerodynamics](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/aerodynamics/)
- [Backmarker](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/backmarker/)
- [Bargeboard](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/bargeboard/)
- [Blistering](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/blistering/)
- [Blue flag](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/blue-flag/)
- [Bodywork](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/bodywork/)
- [Brake Balance](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/brake-balance/)
- [Camber](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/camber/)
- [CE (Control Electronics)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/ce-control-electronics/)
- [Chassis](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/chassis/)
- [Chicane](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/chicane/)
- [Clean air](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/clean-air/)
- [Cockpit](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/cockpit/)
- [Compound](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/compound/)
- [Debrief](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/debrief/)
- [Degradation (deg)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/degradation/)
- [Diffuser](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/diffuser/)
- [Dirty air](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/dirty-air/)
- [Disqualified](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/disqualified/)
- [DNF](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/dnf/)
- [Downforce](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/downforce/)
- [Drag](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/drag/)
- [Drive-through penalty](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/drive-through-penalty/)
- [DRS - Drag Reduction System](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/drs-drag-reduction-system/)
- [ECU (Engine Control Unit)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/ecu-engine-control-unit/)
- [ES (Energy Store)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/es-energy-store/)
- [EX (Engine Exhaust System)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/ex-engine-exhaust-system/)
- [FIA (Federation Internationale de l Automobile)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/fia-federation-internationale-de-lautomobile/)
- [Formation Lap](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/formation-lap/)
- [Fuel Rig](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/fuel-rig/)
- [G-force](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/g-force/)
- [GPDA (Grand Prix Drivers Association)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/gdpa-grand-prix-drivers-association/)
- [Graining](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/graining/)
- [Grand Prix](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/grand-prix/)
- [Grid](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/grid/)
- [Grip](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/grip/)
- [Ground Effect](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/ground-effect/)
- [Halo](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/halo/)
- [HANS Device in Formula 1 Racing](https://www.f1-fansite.com/hans-device-in-formula-1-racing/)
- [ICE (Internal Combustion Engine)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/ice-internal-combustion-engine/)
- [IP (Intellectual Property)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/ip-intellectual-property/)
- [Installation Lap](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/installation-lap/)
- [Intermediates](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/intermediates/)
- [Jump start](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/jump-start/)
- [Lock-up](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/lock-up/)
- [Marbles](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/marbles/)
- [Marshal](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/marshal/)
- [MGU-H](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/mgu-h-motor-generator-unit-heat/)
- [MGU-K](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/mgu-k-motor-generator-unit-kinetic/)
- [Monocoque](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/monocoque/)
- [Overcut](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/overcut/)
- [Oversteer](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/oversteer/)
- [Out-brake](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/out-brake/)
- [Paddock](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/paddock/)
- [Parc Fermé](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/parc-ferme/)
- [Pits](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/pits/)
- [Pit board](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/pit-board/)
- [Pit crew](https://www.f1-fansite.com/pit-crew/)
- [Pit lane](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/pit-lane/)
- [Pit stop](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/pit-stop/)
- [Pit wall](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/pit-wall/)
- [Plank](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/the-plank-in-formula-1-cars/)
- [Podium](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/podium/)
- [Pole position](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/pole-position/)
- [Power Unit](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/power-unit/ "Power Unit in F1 Explained")
- [Qualifying](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/qualifying/)
- [Retirement](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/retirement/)
- [Race engineer](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/race-engineer/)
- [Red flag](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/red-flag/)
- [Safety Car](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/safety-car/)
- [Scrutineering](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/scrutineering/)
- [Sidepod](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/sidepod/)
- [Shakedown](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/shakedown/)
- [Slicks](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/slicks/)
- [Slipstream](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/slipstream/)
- [Steward](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/steward/)
- [Stop-and-go penalty](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/stop-and-go-penalty/)
- [Straight Mode](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/straight-mode/ "Straight Mode in Formula 1 explained")
- [FIA Super Licence](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/super-licence-fia/)
- [Suspension](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/suspension/)
- [Traction Control](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/traction-control/)
- [Tear-off](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/tear-off/)
- [Telemetry](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/telemetry/)
- [Torque](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/torque/)
- [Traction](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/traction/)
- [Turbocharger (TC)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/turbo-charger-tc/)
- [Turbulence](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/turbulence/)
- [Tyre blanket](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/tyre-blanket/)
- [Tyre strategy](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/tyre-strategy/)
- [Undercut](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/undercut/)
- [Vortex Generator](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/vortex-generator/)
- [VSC (Virtual Safety Car)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/vsc-virtual-safety-car/)
- [Wheel gun](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/wheel-gun/)
- [Wind tunnel correlation](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/wind-tunnel-correlation/)
- [Wing endplate](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/wing-endplate/)
- [Yellow flag](https://www.f1-fansite.com/glossary/yellow-flag/)
### Last News Update
- [](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/cadillac-now-builds-senior-aero-team-from-five-title-rivals/) #### [Cadillac now builds senior aero team from five title rivals](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/cadillac-now-builds-senior-aero-team-from-five-title-rivals/)September 26, 2026
### Latest Column
- [](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-column/how-digital-technology-is-changing-the-f1-fan-experience/) #### [How Digital Technology Is Changing the F1 Fan Experience](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-column/how-digital-technology-is-changing-the-f1-fan-experience/)September 25, 2026
### Latest Video Update
- [](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-videos/peter-windsors-analysis-of-george-russells-win-at-baku/) #### [Peter Windsor's Analysis of George Russell's Win at Baku](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-videos/peter-windsors-analysis-of-george-russells-win-at-baku/)September 26, 2026
### Newest Pictures
- [](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-wallpaper/photos-of-friday-practice-before-the-2026-italian-f1-gp/) #### [Photos of Friday Practice before the 2026 Italian F1 GP](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-wallpaper/photos-of-friday-practice-before-the-2026-italian-f1-gp/)September 4, 2026
### Last Classification
- [](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-result/2026-azerbaijan-formula-1-grand-prix-results-report/) #### [2026 Azerbaijan Formula 1 Grand Prix Results & Report](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-result/2026-azerbaijan-formula-1-grand-prix-results-report/)September 26, 2026 | 7
### Newest Sound or Podcast
- [](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-sound/f1-explains-junior-categories-with-f3-champion-ugo-ugochukwu/) #### [F1 Explains: Junior Categories with F3 Champion Ugo Ugochukwu](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-sound/f1-explains-junior-categories-with-f3-champion-ugo-ugochukwu/)September 25, 2026
### TOP 5 Popular F1 Drivers
- [Kimi Antonelli](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/kimi-antonelli/)
- [Franco Colapinto](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/franco-colapinto/)
- [Sergio Pérez](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/sergio-perez/)
- [Max Verstappen](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/max-verstappen-information-statistics/)
- [Lewis Hamilton](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/lewis-hamilton/)
[All F1 drivers](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/)
### TOP 5 Popular F1 Teams
- [Ferrari F1 Team](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/ferrari-f1-information-statistics/)
- [Mercedes F1 Team](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/mercedes/)
- [Aston Martin F1 Team](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/aston-martin-f1-team-information-statistics/)
- [Red Bull Racing F1 Team](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/red-bull-racing/)
- [Cadillac F1 Team](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/cadillac-f1-team-stats-info/)
[All F1 teams](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-teams/)
### TOP 5 Popular F1 Races
- [2026 Azerbaijan Grand Prix](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/azerbaijan-grand-prix-f1-race-information/)
- [2026 Monaco Grand Prix](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/monaco-grand-prix/)
- [2026 Dutch Grand Prix](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/dutch-grand-prix-f1-race-info/)
- [2026 Austrian Grand Prix](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/austrian-grand-prix-f1-race-information/)
- [2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/las-vegas-grand-prix-f1-race-info/)
[Full F1 calendar](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/)
### TOP 5 Popular F1 Content
- [2026 F1 Standings Championship](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-results/f1-standings-2026-championship/)
- [F1 Merchandise](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-merchandise/)
- [F1 On This Day](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-on-this-day/)
- [F1 Driver Comparison Tool](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/f1-driver-comparison/)
- [Login](https://www.f1-fansite.com/login/)
[All Time F1 content](https://www.f1-fansite.com/all-time-f1-archive/)
- [Follow us on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvgDhPFOF_RoheMLEmX8xCg)
- [Follow us on X](https://twitter.com/f1fansite)
- [Follow us on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/f1fansite)
- [Follow us on Pinterest](https://pinterest.com/f1fansite/)
- [Follow us on Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/f1fansite.com_official/)
- [Subscribe to our RSS feed](https://www.f1-fansite.com/feed/)
[About](https://www.f1-fansite.com/about-us/) [Contact](https://www.f1-fansite.com/contact/) [Editorial Policy](https://www.f1-fansite.com/editorial-policy/) [Advertising](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-advertising/) [Disclaimer](https://www.f1-fansite.com/disclaimer/) [Privacy Policy](https://www.f1-fansite.com/privacy-policy/) [Cookie Policy](https://www.f1-fansite.com/cookie-policy/)
© 2001-2026 F1-Fansite.com. All rights reserved.
Powered by [ProTrix](https://protrix.nl). Not affiliated with Formula 1 or the FIA.
Scroll to top
×
 **Add F1-Fansite to your home screen** One tap and it’s on your home screen, like an app.
Add
1. 1 Tap at the bottom of your screen
2. 2 Then pick “Add to Home Screen”
Share
X Facebook WhatsApp Reddit Copy link